exertion是什么意思，词典释义与在线翻译：
[C][U]努力，尽力；费力 great effort, strenous effort
[S]行使，运用，发挥 the use of power to make sth happen
提示：各行业词典APP中含有本词条的独家正版内容，在手机上可看到更多释义内容。
exertion&:&行使 ...
在&&中查看更多...
use of physi
"he got an A for effort"
"they managed only with great exertion"
exertion的用法和样例：
用作名词 (n.)
I will check the result of your exertion in the evening.
每天晚上，我要检查你努力的结果。
The young monkey, with great exertion, somehow clings to its mother.
小猴子会不知何故地用极大的努力去依靠它的母亲。
This paper analysed the different exertion properties of socket piles with different rock strength at the bottom of each pile.
摘要通过对工程试桩资料的分析，阐述桩端支承条件不同时端阻力发挥性状的差异。
用作名词 (n.)
At his age physical exertion was dangerous.
以他的年龄过度消耗体力是危险的。
用作动词宾语
Try to avoid physical exertion.
尽量避免过度消耗体力。
He finds tennis demanding too much exertion.
他发现打网球很费体力。
用作介词宾语
He was so tired after all his exertions, he slept like a baby.
一番辛苦后他累极了，睡得像个婴儿。
She succeeded by the exertion of all her skill.
她用尽一切技巧才成功。
I felt that I had been amply repaid for my exertions.
我感到我的努力得到了充分的回报。
He reaped a reward from exertions.
他的努力得到了报偿。
They failed in spite of their exertions.
他们做了许多努力仍然失败了。
He failed to lift the stone in spite of all his exertions.
他虽然尽了全力，仍然未能抬起那石头。
We should look upon the relative backwardness of our economy as a challenge to greater exertions.
我们应该把我国经济的相对落后看成是要求我们做出更大努力的一种鞭策。
Nowadays I seem tired with the least exertion.
现在我好像稍一用力就感到疲劳。
By the end of the walk, she was breathless with exertion.
走到最后，她累得上气不接下气。
Both boys were really exhausted with their exertion.
两个男孩儿真是累得筋疲力尽了。
Nothing is gained without exertions.
凡事不花力气就不会成功。
It took a great deal of exertion to push the car up the hill.
把汽车推上山需要花很大的气力。
～+of+ v -ing
She was hot and breathless from the exertion of cycling uphill.
由于用力骑车爬坡，她浑身发热， 喘不过气来。
We were sweating profusely from the exertion of moving the furniture.
我们搬动家具大费气力，累得大汗淋漓。
用作名词 (n.)
努力，尽力
努力，尽力
努力，尽力
再一次努力
相当大的努力
巨大的努力
不倦的努力
个人的努力
孜孜不倦的努力
虽然尽了力
An exertion of spirits which increased with her increase of emotion.
出自：J. Austen
exertion的详细讲解：
exertion的基本意思是“努力”，强调积极地、精力充沛地运用体力和才智。表示“努力做…”时其后可接动词不定式，也可接“of+动名词”。此外，exertion还常常表示艰苦的努力，尤其是其后不跟of时。是不可数名词。
exertion还可表示能力、权利等的“行使，运用，发挥”，这时通常用作单数名词。
exertion, bid, effort, endeavour, pain, trouble
这组词都可作“努力”解。其区别是：
effort着重指动作的本身; endeavour着重作出努力的认真和决心; exertion着重于动作的积极性或剧烈性; bid着重于为达到某种企图而作出的努力; pain侧重指艰苦的或充满渴望和焦虑的努力; trouble则指使人感到烦扰或浪费时间并且需要忍耐的努力。例如:
I will make a great effort to master English. 我会努力掌握英语。
The cabinet is making all possible endeavours to bring about national economic stabilization.政府内阁将尽最大努力使国家经济趋于稳定。
I was quite hot and tired after all my exertions.用力干后,我又热又累。
Our Department is making a bid for the interdepartmental basketball championship.我们系正力求夺取系际的篮球赛冠军。
For thirty years,Teacher Liu has been taking great pains in educating us.30年来,刘教员一直劳心努力地教育我们。
exertion的海词问答与网友补充：
exertion的相关资料：
exertion&:&用力， 劳 ...
在&&中查看更多...
exertion&:&尽力,努力, ...
在&&中查看更多...
【同义词】
exertion:exertion n. 尽力, 努力, 发挥, 行使, 运用习惯用语be no exertion to 不费力use exertions 尽力make exertions 尽力put forth ex…
相关词典网站：的海词问答和网友补充：
相关词典网站：& Rita——果果有英文名字啦！（感谢樱桃老师）
发布成功！
扫描二维码，下载手机客户端躺着也能逛圈子，发帖回帖更方便
李佳妮（果果）&&1岁6个月小女生
&&&&&&&& 相信有很多家长对新浪博客中的&樱桃&有所耳闻吧！我也是通过安妮鲜花的坛友间接知道了樱桃，并学习了樱桃老师的英式英语的学习方法，与安妮鲜花的一些理念不谋而合，因此也坚定了我家爱巢果果宝的英语启蒙方法！在拜读樱桃老师的精彩博文的时候，看到有关&按星座养育孩子与合适星座的英文名字&的文章，但是可惜的是处女座和金牛座的，我家果果时白羊座的，呜呜~~~~(&_&)~~~~ 不行，得向樱桃老师发出请求，所以我就给樱桃老师发了纸条，没想到樱桃老师还真上心，所以我特地把这篇关于Rita&&果果的英文名字的由来的文章贴过来，希望同是在白羊座的宝宝树的妈妈们能够借鉴、参考！&&&&&&按星座养育孩子及适合星座的英文名字-----白羊座 &&白羊座Aries (3月21日---4月20日)&白羊座据说统领头部，用&headstrong&(任性，刚愎自用)来描述任何年龄的白羊座一点也不过分。勇敢，无畏，冒险，还有时不时的冲动行为都构成了白羊座人的特质。想像力和好奇心是驱使这些男孩女孩向前冲的动力，充满激情地接受任何形式的挑战。兴奋的，原始的，创造性的，这就是白羊座---所有星座中积极向上的的先锋人物和领导者！&白羊座属于火象星座，是温暖，激励和权力的结合体，乐观的，时刻想要保护别人的白羊座给人带来活力和勇气！ 当然，这种个性同时也具有破坏性。&身体特征：有的白羊座比较健壮，有的也很瘦长结实，头发会偏红，眼睛里永远透着生气勃勃的气息，正因为这种永无止境的活力，你可能会经常从白羊座的孩子身上找到些淤青或者小伤口。&健康：白羊座做事效率没人比的过，雷厉风行，其中也包括生病。发高烧或突如其来的头痛的速度令人惊讶，但同时恢复的速度也让人目瞪口呆！因为他们始终处于兴奋状态，所以在压力大的情况下，视力和心脏会比较容易出问题。&幸运颜色：& 红色& 橙色&如何养育白羊座孩子？你是否经常发现一道光从你面前一闪而过？其实，那是你的白羊座孩子！这些变换无常的小人儿永远不停地，而且吵闹地跑来跑去，风风火火地，上气不接下气地，生活中时刻充满激动兴奋。独立性强，意志力坚定的白羊座孩子喜欢控制一切，同时要发起脾气来也令父母头疼。但，白羊座的孩子尤其热心肠且充满深情。当白羊座孩子还小的时候，他们特别喜欢有关幻想和冒险的并能激起他们无穷想象的故事和游戏；当白羊座孩子稍微大些了，他们非常外向，喜欢社交生活，热爱运动，和别人比赛骑自行车及有些可以竞赛的玩具等，总之，他们就是喜欢任何有挑战性的活动。&白羊的家庭生活：你可能已经意识到了白羊孩子不可救药的胆大,他们陶醉于新发现中，总是充满了栩栩如生的幻想，同时，他们也很容易觉得无聊，无事可做。白羊和家中同样的火象星座相处很好，如射手和狮子座，同时和水瓶与双子也相处融洽。&白羊的友谊：由于白羊的外向性格，他们很容易交到朋友，并总是做带头人，他们总有不断的好主意，别人只能乖乖地听的份了，所以他们很经常和那些意见相左的人有矛盾，不过很快就能和好如初。&白羊的兴趣爱好：白羊孩子创造性强，对一切充满好奇，因此他们有广泛的兴趣爱好，电脑，上网，运动，旅行，收集--所有的一切！因为他们的兴趣如此广泛，他们就很会花钱，任何新东西都能成为激起他们的占有欲.&适合白羊女孩的名字AAlexandra (defender of men)&& Alexis: alternative form of AlexandraAmalia/Amelia (eager, striving)&& Anatasia: awakeningApril: spring&&&&&& Athene: warrior goddess of wisdom&BBernice: victorious&&&& Billie: diminutive of wilhelminaBrenda: flaming sword&&&& Briana: stong, fearlessBridget: strength&&&&&& Briony: herb (of Mars)&CCarol: free, courageous&&& Caroline: free, courageousCharlotte: alternative forms of Caroline&&&Clara: aternative form of Claribel & & Claribel: clear, bright&DDwan： dwan&&&& Diadema:& diadem&Diamond: gemstone (of Mars)&& Dusty: frin Thor's stone, fighter&EEdda: contention, war&&&&&&&& Elaine: bright, radiantEmily: rival&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Erica: ever ruler, fiece warriorEunice: giid victory&&&&&&&& Eva/|Eve: first woman, life&FFelda: inspired&&&&& Felta: swift as an arrowFrances/Francine: free&GGertrude: strong spear&&&&& Gilberta: bright pledge&HHedda/Hedy: diminutives of Hedwig&& Hedwig: contentionHilda:battle maid&&&&&& Hypatia: accomplished&IIdonea: goddess of spring&&& Imogen: imaginative, visionaryIsa: iron sprit&&&&&&& Izora: dawn&LLana: bright, shining&&&& Laura: victorious, crowned with laurelsLauren/Loren/Lorraine: alternative forms of LauraLexia: diminutive of Alexandra&&& Lora: alternative forms of Laura&MMarcia/Marsha: alternative forms of Martina& Martina: of MarsMatilda:battle maid&&&&& Melva: strong chiefMena: mercy, strength&&& Mina: diminutive of WilhelminaMinerva: warrior godness of wisdom&&&&& Miranda:admired&NNata: acrobatic, dancer&&&&& Nicola/Nicole: victorious&OOrlena: bright maiden&&&& Orva: brave friend&PPalmeda: inventive&RRachael/Rachel: a ewe or lamb, innocence& Renata: born againRenee:alternative form of Renata&& Rita: brave, honestRoberta:bright, famous&&&& Robina: alternative forms of RobertaRoma: fame&&&&&&&& Ronalda:wise rulerRoxanna: dawn&&&&&& Ruby:gemstone (of Mars)&SSahar: dawn, splendour of the East&& Scarlett: dyer of red cloth&TTerry: powerful tribe&&& Thera: strength, untamedThora: from Thor, god of war&&& Tilda/Tilly: mighty battle maid&VValda: spirited, power&&& Valencia: strongValentina/Valentine:valorous&&& Valerie: strong, valorousVelda: alternative forms of Fleda & Verna: springVictoria: victorious & & Vita： livelyVivian/Vivienne:lively, animated, vivacious & Vivietta: lively&WWilda: wild one&&&&&&&& Wilma:helmet of will, defender&ZZara/Zarah/Zorah: splendour, dawn&&& Zerlinda: beautiful dawnZia: splendour&&&&&& Zoe: freedom, life&适合白羊男孩的英文名字AAdam/Addis: first man&&&&&&&&& Alister: defender of menAlexander: defender of men, leader & && Andrew: manlyArchibald: bold & & & & & & && Arden/Ardin: eager&BBerry: direct, spearhead & & & Bernard: brave as abear, warriorBoris: battle glory & & & & & & Brandon/Brant: firebrandBrendan: aflame, chieftain & & & Brian/Bryan: strength&CCadell: battle spirit & & & & & Cadeyrn:battle kingCadfael: battle metal & & & & & Cadmus: easternCadman: strong in battle & & && Cadoc: war-like&Cadogan: little battle & & & && Cador: shieldCaesar:& to cut & & & & & & && Carl/Karl: alternative forms of CharlesCarolan: brave champion & & && Casey: vigilant, braveCathal: eye of battle & & & & & Cavell：active and boldCharles: free man & & & & & && Colbert: bright, famousColbran: firebrand & & & & && Colin:young chieftain, people's victoryConrad: bold counsel & & & && Curran: hero&DDonald: world mighty & & & & && Dustin: Thor's stone, a fighter&EEgan: fiery, ardent&&&&&&&&& Egbert:eminent, sword-edge brightEmile/Emil: rival&&&&&&&&&&& Eric: ever ruler, fierce warriorEverard/Everett: ever brave&& Ewart: brave&FFergus: strong, man of vigour&&&&& Ferris: man of iron&GGerard/Gerhart: brave,hardy&HHarlan: battle country&& & && Harley: hunterHarold: brave leader, general&&&&&& Harvey: battle ready, progressive&IIgnatius:& fiery&&&&&& Ivor: bowman, warrior&LLaurence/Lawrence: crowned with laurel&&&&& Leander: braveLiam: alternative form of William&&& Louis/Luis: famous warriorLudwig: warrior&&&&& Luther: illustrious warrior&MManley: virile,masculine & & && Mark/Marcus: of MarsMarlon/Marston: alternative forms of MartinMartin: warrior, of Mars&&&&&& Maynard: hardy strengthMiles: merciful warrior&&&&&&& Mordred: bold adviser&NNeal/Neil: champion&&&&&&&& Nicholas: people's victorNils: people's champion&&&& Norbert: bright&OOsborne: warrior&PPercival: pierce the valley&&&& Percy： diminutive of percivalPhilibert: brilliant&RRadcliffe: red cliff&&&&&&& Ralph:& wise heroRamsay: strong, from rams&&& Randolph: shield-wolfRiley: courageous&&&&&&& Robert: bright, famousRogan: alternative form of Rory&& Rory/Roy: red-hairedRowan: little red one&&&&&&& Russell: red fox&SSaxon: swordsman&&&&&&& Scott: painted warriorSearle: armed warrior&&& Sebert: famous victorySerlo: armour&&&&&&&&&& Sewell: winnerSheridan: searcher&&&&& Sigmund: protector, victorious&TThorburn: Thor's stream&&&&& Thurstan: Thor's stone&VValdis: spirited warrior&&&&&& Victor: victoriousVincent: conquering&WWalter: military leader&&&&& William: helmet of will, defender&XXavier: bright&&& THANK&YOU&VERY&MUCH!~ 我选来选去，觉得叫着音节少又好听，寓意是我希望的，就是Rita:&brave,honest和你家的公主一样的名字！博主回复：&&
阅读(1114)上海朗阁培训中心
的部落主页
有 1299 人来看过 | 粉丝
中国最大的雅思、新托福培训基地之一
日雅思阅读考题回顾
考试日期：
2013年7月27日
Reading Passage 1
澳大利亚resort的旅游和保护
Multiple C
文章内容回顾
开始讲了North
Stradbroke Island is an
Australian island in the state of Queensland,
30 km southeast of the capital
Brisbane. Before 1896 the island was
part of the Stradbroke Island. In that
year a storm separated it from
South Stradbroke Island, forming the Jumpinpin
然后讲为什么分成南北两块；
之后介绍resort的信息，Allure
Stradbroke Resort is always striving to offer the best accommodation
experience and value on North Stradbroke Island.
of the beach is accessible by Four Wheel Drive, guests can drive their
and pick up a permit on arrival or book a Four Wheel Drive tour on
the island
to enjoy a day long island safari. Those exploring inland
North Stradbroke
can discover the island’s renowned freshwater
lake system, including Brown Lake, Blue Lake and the Keyholes.
之后讲resort是如何保护环境的，使用新能源，用natural
friendly的灭虫器。最后因为游客多放弃了，以及对岛上环境的负面影响。
最后给出建议，多做国际市场。
题型难度分析
从题型方面而言，配对题的难度虽然比较高，但是由于文章是关于旅游和保护的讨论，因此从文体而言，本篇的难度并不大。
题型技巧分析
Detail Matching 细节配对题
分类：人/物体/地点/时间&特点/描述/事件
人名→理论
段落→具体信息
1）A: 题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，题目一般遵循顺序原则
B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，题目一般不遵循顺序原则
2）答案是否会重复使用？取决于NB
3）做题方法：
A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，根据题目在原文定位，理解原文对应内容并选出答案（着重考察对文章的理解）
B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，在文章中把选项中所有的专有名词、术语或物质名词划出，然后在题目中划定位词在文章中定位。
注意：结构阅读法的运用
&&&&& 若某1、2题做不出来，可先做后面的题目，然后再返回来做
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑5 Test 4
Reading Passage 2
超市监视器
文章内容回顾
零售商店分析买家的方法。
题型难度分析
文章的难度不高，因为文章话题也是考生们所熟悉的。
题型技巧分析
原文中选词填空：
1. 注意题目说明中是否给出文章范围
2. 注意字数限制
3. 题目在原文中出现的位置？顺序原则
4. 原文中单词是否能改动？不可改动
5. 做题方法：
首先：利用标题或者第一句话定位题目在文章中的起始段落
然后：利用空前后的限定信息在文章中定位并确定答案（限定信息和原文内容必须一一对应才能选出正确答案）
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑6 Test 1
Reading Passage 3
E-learning
Multiple Choices（五选三）;
文章内容回顾
远程职工培训的利弊
相关英文原文阅读
vast movement towards e-learning is clearly motivated by the many
benefits it
offers. However much e-learning is praised and innovated,
computers will
never completely eliminate human instructors and other
forms of educational
delivery. What is important is to know exactly
what e-learning advantages
exist and when these outweigh the
limitations of the medium.
Unique to e-Learning
other training form, e-learning promises to provide a single
experience that
accommodates the three distinct learning styles of
auditory learners, visual
learners, and kinesthetic learners. Other
unique opportunities created by the
advent and development of
e-learning are more efficient training of a
globally dispersed
and reduced publishing and distribution costs as
training becomes a standard.
E-learning
also offers individualized instruction, which print media cannot
provide, and
instructor-led courses allow clumsily and at great cost.
In conjunction with
assessing needs, e-learning can target specific
needs. And by using learning
style tests, e-learning can locate and
target individual learning
preferences.
Additionally,
synchronous e-learning is self-paced. Advanced learners are allowed to
through or bypass instruction that is redundant while novices
slow their own
progress through content, eliminating frustration with
themselves, their
fellow learners, and the course.
these ways, e-learning is inclusive of a maximum number of
participants with
a maximum range of learning styles, preferences, and
Collaborative
collaborative learning theory contends that human interaction is a
ingredient to learning. Consideration of this is particularly
crucial when
designing e-learning, realizing the potential for the
medium to isolate
learners. With well-delivered synchronous distance
education, and technology
like message boards, chats, e-mail, and
tele-conferencing, this potential drawback
is reduced. However,
e-learning detractors still argue that the magical
classroom bond
between teacher and student, and among the students
themselves, can not
be replicated through communications technology.
Advantages
of e-Learning to the Trainer or Organization
the most outstanding advantages to the trainer or organization are:
overall cost is the single most influential
factor in adopting e-learning. The
elimination of costs associated with
instructor's salaries,
meeting room rentals, and student travel,
lodging, and meals are
directly quantifiable. The reduction of time
spent away from the
job by employees may be the most positive offshoot.
times reduced, an average of
40 to 60 percent, as found by Brandon Hall (Web-based Training
Cookbook, 1997, p. 108).
retention and application to the job averages
an increase of 25 percent
over traditional methods, according to an
independent study by
J.D. Fletcher (Multimedia Review, Spring
1991, pp.33-42).
Consistent
delivery of content is possible with
asynchronous, self-paced e-learning.
knowledge is communicated, but more importantly
captured, with good e-learning and knowledge management systems.
of completion and certification, essential elements of training initiatives, can be automated.
Advantages
to the Learner
with the increased retention, reduced learning time, and other
aforementioned
benefits to students, particular advantages of
e-learning include:
availability enables students to complete
training conveniently at off-hours or from home.
Self-pacing for slow or quick learners reduces stress and increases satisfaction.
Interactivity engages users, pushing them rather than pulling them through training.
Confidence that refresher or quick reference materials are available reduces burden
of responsibility of mastery.
Disadvantages
to the Trainer or Organization
e-learning
is not, however, the be all and end all to every training need. It does have
limitations, among them:
investment required of an e-learning
solution is larger due to development
costs. Budgets and cash flows will
need to be negotiated.
Technology
issues that
play a factor include whether the
existing technology
infrastructure can accomplish the training goals,
additional tech expenditures can be justified, and whether
compatibility of all software and hardware can be achieved.
Inappropriate
content for e-learning may exist according to
some experts, though are
limited in number. Even the acquisition of
skills that involve
complex physical/motor or emotional components (for
juggling or mediation) can be augmented with e-learning.
acceptance is
an issue in organizations
where student demographics and
psychographics may predispose them
against using computers at all,
let alone for e-learning.
Disadvantages
to the Learner
ways in which e-learning may not excel over other training include:
Technology
issues of the learners are most commonly
technophobia and unavailability of required technologies.
Portability of training has become a strength of e-learning with the proliferation
of network linking points, notebook computers, PDAs, and mobile
but still does not rival that of printed workbooks or
Reduced social and cultural interaction can be a drawback. The impersonality,
suppression of communication mechanisms such as body language, and
elimination of peer-to-peer learning that are part of this
disadvantage are lessening with advances in
communications technologies.
Benefits Outweigh the Drawbacks?
pro's and con's of e-learning vary depending on program goals, target
audience and organizational infrastructure and culture. But it is
unarguable
that e-learning is rapidly growing as form of training
delivery and most are
finding that the clear benefits to e-learning
will guarantee it a role in
their overall learning strategy.
题型难度分析
本篇文章还是以配对题作为主打题型，但是这种话题是雅思阅写的老话题，所以难度较小。
题型技巧分析
Heading 标题配对题
1. 题目位置（文章前）
2. 答案可以/不可以重复使用？
A: 仅读每段的第1、2句，准确率20%-100%
B: 在heading选项中划定位词在文章段落中定位，准确率60%-100%
4. 方法：无词阅读法
&&&&&&&& 只见森林不见树木
About what/whom
e.g.: Water is the giver and taker of
life. It covers most of the
surface of the planet on which we live and
features large in the
development of human race.
做题步骤： 1). 读懂段落的第一、二句
&&&&&&&&&& 2). 略读其他句子，理清句子之间的逻辑关系
&&&&&&&&& &A: 其他句子解释说明第一、二句
&&&&&&&&&&& &&Heading根据第1、2句归纳
&&&&&&&&&& B: 出现转折词或相应表达，把思路逆转
&&&&&&&&&&&&& Heading根据转折后的内容归纳
&&&&&&&&& &C: 附加新的信息
&&&&&&&&&&&&& 找信息之间的共同点
&&&&&&&&&& D: 最后一句总结前文
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑9 Test 3
考试趋势分析和备考指导：
本次雅思阅读考试依然延续了2013年上半年的考试特点，细节配对题依然为主流题型，而是非无判断题并没有出现，在未来的几个月中，雅思阅读考试的这一趋势将继续延续。细节配对和填空题依然为主流题型，是非无判断居第二位。
另外本次考试中三篇文章话题皆为考生所熟悉的话题，因此虽然有很多配对题，但考生普遍认为难度并不大。
应对策略：考生要注意每一种题型的复习，掌握对应特点和解题技巧。另外由于配对题基本为乱序，所以考生们对词汇及其各种替换形式要特别熟悉，并且要训练自己快速定位的能力，从而能够做到快速而准确的定位并解答题目。
留下脚印(共0个)
可以查看更多内容，还可以评论和回复。}