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3秒自动关闭窗口What is this?
YU句：What＋be 釉~＋this（that…）？
&&&&& 答句：This（that…）＋be 釉~＋a book（pen…）。
f明U此句型意椤斑@（那）是什N？@（那）是ㄤP…）”。what（什N）叫做“疑~”，用於“事物”，通常放在句首，後接 be &釉~&，再接&主~&，第一字母 w要大，句尾要加(?)，位置不可排e。
&&& What is this? This is a chair.& @是什N？@是一椅子。
&& &What’s this? It’s a book.&& @是什N？它是一本
&&& What is that? That is a desk.& 那是什N？那是一馈
What are these?
YU句：What are＋these／those…？
&&&&& 答句：These／Those are＋}得~（＋s／es）。
f明U&主~&c&釉~&的形式要一致，is 後面接&名~&，are 後面要接}&名~&。
&&& What are these? These are books.&& @些是什N？@些是
&&& What are those? Those are cups.&& 那些是什N？那些是茶杯。
&&& What are they? They are glasses.&& 它是什N？它是玻璃杯。
What are you?
YU句：What＋be 釉~＋主~（人）…？
&&&&& 答句：主~＋be 釉~＋a student…。
f明U此句型意椤澳闶亲鍪颤N事情的？我是W生…”。疑~ what 除了事物之外，可用於“人的I或身分”。be &釉~&S&人Q代名~&的化而改形B，如：I am，we are，you are，he is…。
&&& What are you? I am a student.&& 你是做什N事情的？我是一名W生。
&&& What is she? She is a teacher.&& 她是做什N事情的？她是一名教。
Are you a ...?
YU句：Be 釉~（am，are，is）＋主~＋…？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 肯定答：Yes，主~＋am（are，is）。
&&&&&&&&&&&& 否定答：No，主~＋am（are，is）not。
f明U在否定&答句&中，&主~&和 am，is，are 可以s；在肯定&答句&中t不可。
&&& Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)&& 他是W生幔渴堑模恰＃ú唬皇恰＃
&&& Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.)& 你是教幔渴堑模沂恰＃ú唬也皇恰＃
&&& Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) &那是l幔渴堑模恰＃ú唬皇恰＃
What is your name?
YU句：What＋is＋所有格＋name?
&&&&& 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。
f明U“my，your，his，her”等朔Q的&所有格&；&所有格&後面必接&名~&，即“&所有格&＋&名~&”；&所有格&不可c a，an，this，that，these 或 those o接一起使用。
&&& What is your name? My name is Sue.&& 叫什N名字？我的名字叫K。
&&& What is his name? His name is John.&& 他叫什N名字？他的名字叫s翰。
&&& What is her name? Her name is Jean.&& 她叫什N名字？她的名字叫珍。
Who is that ...?
YU句：Who＋be 釉~＋that＋形容~＋名~？
&&&&& 答句：That is＋名字。
f明UWho 是&疑代名~&，人的“姓名”或“PS”；&形容~&直接放在&名~&前面，叫做“前位修”。
&&& Who is that short boy? That is Bill.&& 那位矮男孩是l？那位是比。
&&& Who is that tall girl? That is Mary.&& 那位高女孩是l？那位是。
&&& Who is that fat man? He is my uncle.& 那位胖男子是l？那位是我叔叔。
Where is ...?
YU句：Where＋be 釉~（am，are，is）＋主~…？
&&&&& 答句：主~＋be 釉~＋in the＋名~…。
f明U句是“Where ...?”，答r可用&副~片Z&“In／On the＋&名~&”。
&&& Where is Sue? She is in her room.&& K在那e？她在她的房ge。
&&& Where are your books? On the desk.&& 你的谀茄e？在郎稀
&&& Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen.&& 你嵩谀难e？她在N房e。
Are you V-ing ...?
YUAm（Are，Is）＋主~＋F在分~…？
f明U此句型意椤&主~&（人，物）正在…幔俊薄＿@一&句型&DQ的三要素是：be &釉~&移到句首；改榇；句尾用。
&&& Is Mary sleeping?&& 正在睡X幔
&&& Are you reading a book?&& 你正在看幔
&&& Is the dog playing?&& 小狗正在玩耍幔
What are you doing?
YU句：What＋am（are，is）＋主~＋F在分~？
&&&&& 答句：主~＋am（are，is）＋F在分~…。
f明U“&主~&（人）正在做什N？&主~&（人）正在…”。注意：&祈使句&的釉~只能用原形，不可造&F在M行式&；表示“瞬ga生”的幼鞯&釉~片Z&，如 sit down，stand up，不可造&F在M行式&。
&&& What am I doing? You are reading a book.&& 我正在做什N？ 你正在x一本
&&& What are the girls doing? They are singing.&& 姑娘正在做什N？ 她在唱歌。
&&& What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter.&& 比在什N？ 他在一封信。
How old are you?
YU句：How old＋be 釉~＋主~（某人）？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：主~（某人）＋be 釉~＋year(s) old。
f明U此句型意椤澳橙q？某人是…q”。句型中，&疑~&要用 how，不可用 what；且 be &釉~&（am，is，are）要和後面的&主~&(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。
&&& How old are you? I am twelve (years old).&& 你q？我十二q。
&&& How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old.&& 你的姊妹q？她十三q。
&&& How old is John? He is one year old.& s翰q？他一q。
What time is it?
YU句：What time is it？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：It is＋底郑o’clock。
f明U此句型意椤艾F在是c？F在是…c”。句中 what &形容~&，修後面的&名~& time；time rg解r，只能用担豢捎醚}怠
&&& What time is it? It is ten o’clock.&& F在是c？F在是十c。
&&& What time is it? It is six o’clock.&& F在是c？F在是六c。
&&& What time is it? It is nine o’clock.&& F在是c？F在是九c。
Do you + V ...?
YU句：Do／Does＋主~＋原形釉~…？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 肯定答：Yes，主~＋do／does。
&&&&&&&&&&&& 否定答：No，主~＋don’t／doesn’t。
f明U肯定句中，如有一般&釉~&（speak，work，teach…），t在句首加&助釉~& do 或 does，K⒁话&釉~&改樵&釉~&（不加s或es），即成&疑句&。
&&& Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
&&&&& 你v英Z幔渴堑模抑v英Z。（不，我不v英Z。）
&&& Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.)
&&&&& 她有一b幔渴堑模幸浑b。（不，她]有一b。）
&&& Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.)
&&&&& 他在k公室e工作幔渴堑模在k公室e工作。（不，他不在k公室e工作。）
What time do you + V ...?
YU句：What time＋do／does＋主~＋原形釉~…？
&&&&& &&&&&&&答句：主~（某人）＋一般釉~…＋rg。
f明U此句型意椤澳橙c做某事？”&助釉~& do 或 does 的x褚&主~&而定，若&主~&榈谌朔Q担 does；其它用 do。
&&& What time do you get up? I usually get up at six.& 你c起床？我通常六c起床。
&&& What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他c就？他通常十c就。
&&& What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.
&&& 你的nc_始？八c十分_始。
What day is today?
YU句：What day is today？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：It’s＋Sunday／Monday／…。
f明U此句型意椤敖裉焓切瞧？今天是星期日／星期一／…。”it 可用於指“星期的名Q”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名Q，都是&Ｓ忻~&，_^的首字母要大，前面不加&冠~&。
&&& What day is today? It’s Sunday.&& 今天是星期？今天是星期日。
&&& What day is today? It’s Wednesday.&& 今天是星期？今天是星期三。
&&& What day is today? It’s Saturday.&& 今天是星期？今天是星期六。
How many N are there ...
YU句：How many＋}得~＋are there in／on＋名~？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：There is／are＋担ㄑ}担┟~＋in／on＋名~。
f明U此句型意椤霸谀程卸嗌佟吭谀程小！痹句型中，many 修}&名~&；又因本句型是 &疑句&，故用 are there，不可用 there are。
&&& How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
&&& 一年有季？ 一年有四季。
&&& How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
&&& 一星期有天？ 一星期有七天。
&&& How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
&&& @本e有n？ @本e有十二n。
How many ... do you have?
YU句：How many＋}得~＋do／does＋主~＋have？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：主~＋have／has…＋}得~＋…。
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：主~＋don’t／doesn’t have…＋}得~…。
f明U“How many”後面接}&可得~&，}&名~&的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修。
&&& How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)
&&& 你有本 我有S多＃ㄎ]有＃
&&& How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)
&&& 你有件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我]有毛衣。）
&&& How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.)
&&& 她有朋友？ 她有S多朋友。（她]有S多朋友。）
How much ... do you have?
YU句：How much＋挡豢得~＋do／does＋主~＋have？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：主~＋have／has…＋挡豢得~。
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：主~＋don’t／doesn’t have…＋挡豢得~。
f明U“How much”後面接&不可得~&，&不可得~&前面可用 much， a little，some，little，any，no 等修。
&&& How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)
& &&他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他]有茶。）
&&& How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don’t have much homework.)& 他有多少家庭作I？ 他有S多家庭作I。（他]有S多家庭作I。）
&&& How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
&&& 他有多少水果？ 他有S多水果。（他]有S多水果。）
How much do(es) ... cost?
YUHow much do（es）＋某物＋cost…？
f明U此句型意椤澳澄镏刀嗌馘X？”。how much 用碓商品的r格。可以作：“How much＋ be &釉~&＋某物？"。
&&& How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)@部X值多少X？
&&& How much do the vegetables cost?& @些蔬菜值多少X？
&&& How much do the movie tickets cost?& @些影票值多少X？
Did ... V ...
YUDid＋主~＋原形釉~＋…^去rg？
f明U⒖隙渲械倪^去式改椤Did＋原形&釉~&”，K Did 放在句首，句尾用，即成^去式的&疑句&。
&&& Did he clean the room yesterday?& 他昨天打叻块g幔
&&& Did she wash the skirt yesterday?& 她昨天洗@裙子幔
&&& Did your brother play in the park this morning?& 你弟弟今天上午在公@玩耍幔
&&& Did he eat lunch yesterday?& 他昨天吃午幔
&&& Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week?& 上星期你在游@e看到大象了幔
&&& Did Sue have her breakfast at eight?& K在八c吃^早餐了幔
Do you ever + V ...?
YU句：Do／Does＋主~＋ever＋原形釉~…？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：No，主~＋never＋一般釉~（加s或es）…。
f明Uever 通常用於&疑句&，never 通常用於否定回答；never 也可放在句首，後接原形 &釉~&，形成否定&祈使句&，如例句4。
&&& Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.
&&&&& 你曾使用X幔坎唬椅丛褂眠^X。
&&& Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
&&&&& 吩晚起床幔坎唬肺丛砥鸫策^。
&&& Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
&&&&& _莉曾琴幔坎唬_莉未曾^琴。
&&& Never be late for school, Bill.& 比，上W^不可t到。
What year was he born in?
YUWhat date／year＋was／were＋主~＋born＋on／in？
f明U此句型意椤澳愠錾月日（那一年）？”。born 是&原形釉~& bear 的^去&分~&，在文法上 &形容~&，前面常有 was 或 were；中文f“某人出生”，英Zf：“某人＋was／were born…”。
&&& What year were you born in?& 你出生於那一年？
&&& What date was your mother born on?& 你母H出生於月日？
&&& What month was your sister born in?& 你妹妹出生於月？
What will you do on ...?
YUWhat will／did＋主~＋do＋on＋rg？
f明U此句型意椤澳橙嗽谀rg⒆鍪颤N？（未硎剑┠橙嗽谀r做了什N事？（^去式）”。指特定的日期（如月日）、星期或星期的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系~on。
&&& What will you do on Teacher’s Day?& 你在教⒆鍪颤N事？
&&& What will they do on Christmas Eve?& 他在}Q夜⒆鍪颤N事？
&&& What will Helen do on her birthday?& 海在她生日那天⒆鍪颤N事？
&&& What did John do on New Year’s Day?& s翰在元旦做了什N事？
&&& What did Mary do on Youth Day?& 在青年做了什N事？
&&& What did the suspect do on July ninth?& 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什N事情？
How do you + V ...?
YU句：How＋do＋主~＋一般釉~…？
&&&&&&&&&&&& 答句：主~＋一般釉~…＋情罡痹~。
f明UHow 是情r的&疑副~&，表示“怎印俊薄Ｓ渺墩f明“B或性|”的副~，Q &情罡痹~&。用硇揎&不及物釉~&r，&情罡痹~&位於其後；用硇揎&及物釉~&r，&情釉~&位於&及物釉~&的前面或後面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎幼瞿愕墓ぷ鳎 我很快返刈隽宋业墓ぷ鳌
&&& How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
&&& &&林太太怎幼⒁林先生？ 她冷漠地注林先生。
&&& How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
&&& &&王先生怎玉{他的程？ 他小心地{他的程。
You are ..., aren’t you?
YU肯定句，＋否定式助釉~＋主~？
f明U@是一N反意&疑句&，其Y特c是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的&主~&是&名~&r，附加句的&主~&要用&代名~&代替：it 代替 this， that，&不定~&(&主~&)或&用~&(&主~&)等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列&助釉~&的否定s式^易弄e：will not－&won’t；would not－& wouldn’t；should not－&shouldn’t；can not－&can’t；could not－&couldn’t； might not－&mightn’t；ought not－&oughtn’t。直述句有一般&釉~&F在式，t附加句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般&釉~&^去式，t附加句用 did 代替。
&&& They’re ready, aren’t they?（x降{）他浜昧税桑浚ㄗx升{）他浜昧耍皇幔
&&& Mike has a car, doesn’t he?（x降{）克有v，是吧？（x升{）克有v，不是幔
&&& The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she?&& 是z蛄诉@封信，不是幔
&&& They will go to Europe, won’t they?&& 他⑷W洲，不是幔
&&& You are the teacher, aren’t you?&& 你就是老，不是幔
&&& I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我的森林e呆^，不是幔
&&& I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是幔
&& &The wall plug is broken, isn’t it?&& 上的插座牧耍皇幔
&&& Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they?& 乾Q的公@是美的，不是幔
&&& You can do it, can’t you? &&&你鏊皇幔
&&& We should rise early, shouldn’t we?&& 我早起，不是幔
He isn’t ..., is he?
YU否定句，＋肯定式助釉~＋主~？
f明U@是另一N反意&疑句&。否定Y在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定Y。Ψ匆&疑句&的回答和Ψ穸ㄊ揭话&疑句&一樱创鹁洹
&&& He isn’t a manager, is he? －- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
&&& 他不是理，是吧？－－不，他是理。（是的，他不是理。）
&&& Mike doesn’t have a car, does he?& 克]有，是幔
&&& The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she?& z]有打^@封信，是幔
&&& They won’t go to Europe, will they?& 他不W洲，是幔
&&& You aren’t the teacher, are you?&& 你不是老，是幔
&&& I don’t think he can answer the question, can he?& 我想他o法回答@}，是幔
What in the world ...?
YU疑~＋in the world／on earth／ever＋其他
f明U此句型意椤熬烤埂康降住俊薄＿@是特殊&疑句&的{f法。in the world，on earth 和 ever是{疑~的&片Z&。
&&& How in the world will he do it?&&& 他到底⑷绾巫鲞@件事？
&&& What in the world do you mean?&&& 你的意思究竟是什N？
&&& How on earth did you know it?&&& 你到底是怎N知道的？
&&& Who on earth told you that?&&& 那件事究竟是l告V你的？
&&& Where ever did you lose it?&&& 你到底在哪G的呀？
&&& What in the world are they hoping for?&& 他到底想要什N？
Are you ... or ...?
YU一般疑句（x升{）＋or＋一般疑句（x降{）
f明U此句型意椤笆恰是…？"。@是x&疑句&，前面都是一般&疑句&，後面的句如c前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。
Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us?
是我碚夷，是你碚椅？
&&& Are you from the America or from the England?&& 您是美诉是英耍
&&& Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday?&& 他是星期一走是星期二走？
&&& Would you like coffee or tea?&& 你是要咖啡是茶？
What ..., + A or B?
YU特殊疑句(x降{)，＋A（x升{）or B（x降{）
f明U@Nx&疑句&使用得相V泛，其特c是：前面的特殊&疑句&已明_地指出了要的热荩傺a充具w事物Ψ阶龀隹隙ǖ拇鸶病Ｆ湔Z{是“降-升-降”{。
&&& What would you like － coffee or tea?&& 你要什N？咖啡是茶？
&&& Which would you rather to buy － silk or cotton?& 您想I什N？z是棉？
&&& Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing?& 您去了哪e？天津是北京？
When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?
& 你何r去交易棵魈爝是另找哪一天？
... what/which ...
YU主要子句＋疑~（what／how／which／why 等）＋子句
f明U@是g接&疑句&。疑~後面的Z句裼谜Ｔ~序，不裼锰厥&疑句&所用的倒b~序。全句末尾大多用句c，但也有用的。直接句改殚g接句或g接句r，原先的&疑句&要改榭隙浠&否定句&的序；&助釉~&如 will，should，would， must，may，can 等，照抄，不可去掉；&助釉~&如 do，does，did，必去掉，再⑺崦娴脑&釉~&改檫m的形式。
&&& I’d like to know how old the manager is.&& 我想知道理有多大年o。
&&& He inquired how it was done.&& 他@事做得怎N恿恕
&&& Please advise me which item I should buy.&& 我先I哪品N。
&&& Tell me why it is so important?&& 告V我槭颤N此事@N重要？
&&& They do not know what the words mean.& 他不知道@些字的意思是什N。
&&& Tell me what happened yesterday.& 告V我昨天所l生的事。
&&& What they talked about is what we want to know. 他什N是我所想要知道的事。
&&& She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.
&&&&& 她每晚洗^，而且量量看一星期L多少。
&&& You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.
&&&&& 你Q不滥愕墓ξ叶帱N有意x。
... whether/if ...
YU主要子句＋whether／if＋子句
f明U此句型意椤啊欠瘛薄？谡Z中使用 if ^槠毡椤Ｈ绻泳渲有 or not 等~，t只能用 whether；另外，whether 不能引Х穸ǖ拈g接&疑句&，而 if t可以。
&&& He asked me the question whether the price was too high.& 他我r格是否太高。
&&& They asked him whether the quality is fine or not.& 他他|量是否好。
&&& Tell me whether you like this color.& 告V我你喜不喜g@N色。
&&& Tell me if it doesn’t rain.& 告V我是否下不了雨。
&&& Ask him if it is true.&& 他那是不是真的。
&&& I wonder if he is in the school.& 我想知道他是否在W校。
Do you know if/where ...
YU一般疑句＋疑~（what／where／when 等）＋子句
f明U此句殡p重&疑句&。疑~後面裼谜Ｔ~序，不用倒b~序。
&&& Can you tell me where the teacher has gone?& 你能告V我老到哪e去了幔
&&& Have you any idea where he comes from?& 他是哪e人，您知道不知道？
&&& Do you know if they like this new item?& 你知道他是否喜g@新品N？
&&& Do you know who wants to go with me?& 你知道l想跟我一起去幔
&&& Do you know when the train will leave?& 你知道火何r_幔
&&& Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告V我你一月多少幔
He is ..., is he?
YU肯定式述句＋肯定式反句
f明U@N疑&句型&的前後一致，都是肯定式Y。後一部分M一步{前一部分的热荩遣恍枰卮鸬囊环N修o方式。
&&& We are old friends, not strangers, right?&& 我是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是幔
&&& He’s a capable businessman, is he?&& 他是一位很有能力的IT，可不是幔
&&& So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you?& 原砟闶磉M口中品的，是N？
&&& So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原砟闳ミ^上海，是吧？
... what ...?
YU…疑~（在句中任何位置上）…
f明U疑~不是位於句子_^，而是在句子中任何位置上，@N方法十分危虼嗽诳谡Z中常出F。
&&& Two times what number makes ten?& 什N档杀妒鞘
&&& You will go where?&& 你要到哪e去？
&&& You are twenty-what this year?&& 你今年二十q？
&&& He’s your who?& 他是你什N人？
What/How about + N/V-ing?
YUWhat／How about＋名~／用~？
f明U此句型意椤啊绾危俊薄＿@是徵求Ψ揭庖或提h的委婉f法。
&&& What about the name Smith?& 史密斯@名字怎N樱
&&& What about going to a movie?& 去看鲭影如何？
&&& What about lending me some money?&& 借cXo我如何？
&&& What about washing the car on Sunday?&& Y拜天洗怎N樱
&&& How about the others?& 剩N的怎N樱
&&& How about a drink?& 硪槐桑
&&& How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop?& 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧？
What if ...?
YUWhat if＋主~＋釉~
f明U此句型意椤叭绻脑怎Nk呢？”。但常用於反Z，有r也成“即使…也]PS”之意。
&&& What if it is true?&& 如果@是真的又如何呢？
&&& What if he doesn’t agree?& 如果他不同意怎Nk呢？
&&& What if he comes back now?& 如果他F在回碓觞Nk？
&&& What if the boy’s parents should die?& 如果那男孩的父母死了怎Nk呢？
&&& What if I fail!& 即使我失×擞衷樱
What ... for?
YUWhat＋助釉~＋主~＋釉~…＋for？
f明U此句型意椤槭颤N…？”。相於“For what…？”
&&& What are you running for?& 你槭颤N在跑步？
&&& What do you want it for?&& 你槭颤N要那？
&&& What did they go there for?& 他槭颤N去那e？
How else ...?
YUHow else＋助釉~＋主~＋助釉~？
f明U此句型意椤啊有e的方法幔俊薄
&&& How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son?&& F代@世界上，父H有e的方法ψ约旱鹤颖硎圩o和P心幔
&&& How else can the doctor save him?&& t院有e的方法可以救他幔
&&& How else can I apologize for her?&& 我能有e的方法可以向她道歉幔
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...
YUIf＋F在式…，S＋未硎健
f明Uif 子句用F在式，表示具涞l件，主句用未硎奖硎究赡艿慕Y果，整句含意椤叭绻屈N…”。will 用於所有的人Q，在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主~ I 或 we r，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary（如果需要），if possible（如果可能），if so（如果@樱┑裙潭ㄆZH上是省略了的 if 子句。
&&& If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad.&& 如果我失I了，我就出
&&& If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin.&& 如果我^痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。
&&& If it rains, we will stay at home.& 如果下雨，我⒋诩已e。
&&& If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk.& 如果天晴，我就去散步。
&&& If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk.& 如果天不晴，我就不去散步。
&&& Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.
通膨率可能上升。如果是@樱r就q。
&&& If possible, She wants to go with us.& &可能的，她想跟我一起去。
&&& Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.
&&&&& 英可能H值，如果果真如此，利率就仙
If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...
YUIf + F在式，主~＋情B助釉~
f明U本句型&If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...&句型之w。之所以用情B助釉~，主要是因檎f者赡艿慕Y果不是太肯定或者是想表_例如必要的意思。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out.&& 如果明天天夂茫议T可以出T。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out.&& 如果明天天夂茫议T能虺鲩T。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out.&& 如果明天天夂茫议T可能出T。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out.&& 如果明天天夂茫议T可能出T。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out.&& 如果明天天夂茫议T宜於出T。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out.&& 如果明天天夂茫议T宜於出T。
&&& If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out.& 如果明天天夂茫议T必出T。
If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.
YUIf I＋should ...＋祈使Z
f明U&If + should + V&代替&if + F在式&，增加了l件的不_定性。本句型常用在想Y貌地提出要求或建h，或者想A通地告V他人做什N事的龊稀Ｓ should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示l件。@N用法比^正式，常用於T如公函之中，而不用於日常。
&&& If you should see him, please give him my regards.& 如果你到他，代我向他致意。
&&& Should you see him, please give him my regards.& 如果你到他，代我向他致意。
&&& If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.
如果你f一到他，代我向他致意。
&&& Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards.
&&&&& 如果你f一到他，代我向他致意。
&&& If you should write to her, send her my love.&& 如果你o她信，代我向她候。
&&& Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know.
&&&&& 你若不希望我的代理人去造L，告之。
&&& Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.
你若ξ的r感d趣，c我M。
If I should ..., I will ...
YUIf…should…，…would（will）／should（shall）等＋原形釉~
f明U@是表示c未硎相反的假O&句型&，if &子句&要用&助釉~& should，g成“f一”。should可置於&主~&前， if 省略。&主要子句&的&助釉~&t可能性做化：若可能性低，t檫^去式，若可能性高，t楝F在式。should 可以提前，而 if 省略。
&&& If he should come, I would tell him the truth.&& f一他恚颜嫦喔嬖V他。
&&& If he should come, I will tell him the truth.&& f一他恚乙欢颜嫦喔嬖V他。
&&& Should the boy come again, I would throw him out.& 要是那男孩在恚揖桶阉f出去。
&&& If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled.& f一下雨，我的就泡恕
&&& Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的，合s就取消。
&&& Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?
&&&&& f一另一次世界大鸨l，人l生什N事？
If I were to ..., I ...
YUIf…were to…，…would／should 等＋原形釉~
f明U@也是表示c未r相反的假O&句型&，c“if ... should, ...”大致相同，但“if ... were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“c真理相反”的&假OZ&。
&&& If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.
&&&&& 要是太西出恚ㄟ^考－－他不可能通^考。
&&& If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird.& 我要是再活一次，我想一bB。
&&& If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?
&&&&& f一太消失了，地球成什N幼樱
&&& Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do?
&&&&& f一明天我死了，我的孩子⒃觞Nk呢？
If I + V-ed, I would ...
YUIf…＋^去式釉~…，主~＋^去式助釉~（would／should 等）＋原形釉~
f明U@是cF在事相反的假O句型。if &子句&中的&be&&釉~&，不&主~&榈人Q，一律用 were，were 可置於主~前面，而省略 if。^去式&助釉~&除用 should（用於第一人Q）、 would（用於第二、三人Q）外，可用不分人Q的 could，might 和 ought to，它c&釉~&原形Y合起成&假OZ&。
&&& If I knew his address, I could write to him.&& 如果我知道他的住址，我信o他。
&&& If I were free now, I might call on him.& 如果我有rg，我可能タ此
&&& If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do?
&&&&& 如果你站在我的立觯觞N做？
&&& Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car.& 如果我有足虻腻X，我就I一v了。
&&& How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller!& 要是我再高寸，我酶吲d。
&&& If I had a car, I could take her for a drive.& 如果我有， 我就她去兜L了。
&&& If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly.
如果我有望hR，我就可以清楚地看那w彗星。
It is time that ...
YUIt is（high）time＋（that）＋主~＋^去式釉~
f明U此句型意椤耙呀到了…的rg了”。^去式&釉~&r亦使用“should＋&釉~&原形”。that &子句&也能用 to &不定~&肀硎尽
&&& It is time he went to bed.&&& 是他睡X的rg了。
&&& It is time that you left for the duty.&&& 你班了。
&&& It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.&&& 是你反省思^的r候了。
&&& It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已到了他上咱家吃晚的r候了。
&&& It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.
是有人教你M退之Yx的r候了。
If I had V-ed, I would have ...
YUIf…had＋^去分~…，主~＋would／should 等＋have＋^去分~
f明U@是c^去事相反的假O&句型&。if &子句&要用&^去完成式&，&主要子句&t要用^去式&助釉~&（would，should，ought to，might，could）＋have＋^去&分~&。if &子句&中的 had可置於&主~&前面，而省略 If。
&&& If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth.& 如果我r看他，我嬖V他情。
&&& I could have finished the task if I had had more time.
如果r我能有多一crg，我就能完成@任铡
&&& If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.
&&&&& 如果我事先知道你要x_，我C鏊托小
&&& I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.
&&&&& 如果有人在他旁，或S他就不缢馈
&&& I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.
&&&&& 若非我已T了@拥幕卮穑铱赡懿桓逸p易相信。
&&& Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him.
&&&&& 她（那r）不舴撬懒饲浮
&&& Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned.&& 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。
&&& Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?
我要是年向你求婚，你藿o我?
&&& Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction.
&&&&& 假如]有你的助，@P生意早就告吹了。
If I had V-ed, I would ...
YUIf…had＋^去分~…，主~＋would／should 等＋原形釉~＋now／today
f明U@是&rB&不一致r的假O&句型&，亦Q混合假Ol件句。即：if &子句&若c^去事相反，用&^去完成式&表示；而&主要子句&若cF在事相反，t用^去式&助釉~&表示。此&主要子句&句尾通常有表F在的&rg副~&，如 now，today 等。
&&& If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.
&&&&& 如果他年pr多努力一c，F在就能^得舒服些。
&&& If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.
&&&&& 如果十年前我有X，今天我就能I下那房子了。
&&& Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他r肯f，F在就不茏锪恕
&&& Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now.
&&&&& r他要是了t生的建h，F在可能活著。
I wish ... + V-ed ...
YUI wish＋（that）＋主~＋釉~^去式／^去完成式（had＋^去分~）…
f明UI wish 之後以 that &子句&&受~&r，&子句&的&釉~&一定要用&假OZ&：若&釉~&用^去式，表示cF在事相反的望；若用&^去完成式&，t表示c^去事相反的望。“I wish＋that-&子句&”的&句型&也可用“I would rather＋that-&子句&”取代。而 I hope 之後以 that &子句&做&受~&r，&子句&用一般&rB&。
&&& I wish there were meadows and lambs.&& 但有草地c小羊。
&&& I wish I were as tall as you.&& 但我像你一痈摺
&&& I wish he could tell us.& 但他能告V我。
&&& I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow.& 但他明天能怼
&&& I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday.& 但昨天你]有淋到雨。
&&& I wish you had not told the truth.& 但你]有f。
&&& I wish I had known you ten years ago.& 真希望十年前就已JR你。
If only + V-ed
YUIf only＋^去式／^去完成式
f明U此句型意椤耙恰秃昧恕！庇眠^去式，表示cF在事相反；若用&^去完成式&，t表示c^去事相反。
&&& If only I had a rich father.& 要是我有有X的爸爸就好了。
&&& If only he had been here.& 要是他r在@壕秃昧恕
&&& If only I had another chance.& 要是我再有一次C秃昧恕
... as if/as though ...
YU…as if／as though…F在式／^去式／^去完成式
f明U此句型意椤搬…；好像…一印薄as if，as though 是&副~&&B接~&，引&副~子句&。&子句&中，可用F在式，以表示事；也可用^去式或&^去完成式&，分e表示cF在或^去事相反的&假OZ&。
&&& He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那诱f，似乎不想⒓h。
&&& He walks as if he is drunk.&& 他走起路砗孟袼娴淖砹恕
&&& He felt as if he almost wished to kill them.&& 他感X彷乎要⒌羲。
&&& The baby opened the book as if he were able to read.& @捍蜷_踞他
&&& The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.
@o士照@位病人彷在照她爸爸似的。
&&& He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.
&&&&& 他跑M屋子，彷他看到什N可怕的|西。
&&& She looks as if nothing had happened to her.& 她r看起砗孟袷颤N事都]l生似的。
It seems/looks as if ...
YUIt seems／looks as if…
f明U此句型意椤八坪酢薄１揪湫椭械 as if &子句&可用以表示事，或&假OZ&。
&&& It looks as if it is going to rain.& 好像要下雨了。
&&& It seems as if he knows everything.& 他似乎是f事通。
&&& It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.
&&&&& 他似乎是f事通。其他是再愚蠢不^了。
&&& It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
&&&&& 她看起磲外太空回硭频摹
&&& It seemed as if he had finished the work.& 他似乎已完成了@工作。
&&& It seemed as if he would never finish the work.& 他似乎永h完成不了@工作。
If it were not for ...
YUif it were not for＋名~／子句，主~＋would／should 等＋原形釉~…
f明U此句型意椤叭舴牵ㄓ校薄４祟句ｉT用於表示cF在事相反的&假OZ&。亦可用“but for＋&名~&”或“without＋&名~&”代替。were 可以提前，省略 if，如例句3。
&&& If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. &要不是他在觯P你的。
&&& But for your advice, I should have failed.& 要不是你的忠告，我〉摹
&&& But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull.& 要不是音罚松o聊。
&&& If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth.
&&&&& 大庵腥绻]有氧和氮，人就o法生存於地球了。
&&& Without air, all living things would die.& 若非空猓械纳锒劳觥
&&& Without newspaper, we would get behind the times.& 要不是蠹，我都s不上r代了。
&&& I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我拍舴怯续B也有花。
&&& Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的助，我就不能完成@件工作。
&&& Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live.
&&&&& 若非科W，我o法^著舒m的生活。
If it had not been for ...
YUif it had not been for＋名~／子句，主~＋would／should 等＋原形釉~…
f明U此句型意椤叭舴牵ㄓ校薄４祟句ｉT用於表示c^去事相反的&假OZ&。
&&& If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果]有他的忙，我已失　
&&& Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy.& 若非你及r伸出援助之手，本公司lR破a的。
&&& If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible.& 要不是@些，@部C器也S就不可能改良了。
&&& Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains.
&&&&& 要不是@位好心的В铱赡芫驮谏街忻月妨恕
&&& If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you.
&&&&& 要不是他在觯耶r就P你。
I demand/insist that ...
YU主~1＋意志釉~（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主~2＋（should）＋原形釉~
f明U意志&釉~&有四：建h（suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），ǎ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其後接 that-&子句&r，&子句&e的&釉~&要用原形或“should＋&釉~&”。美式英Z通常省略 should。
&&& The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned.& 委T提h休
&&& His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten.& 他的父母要求他十c以前回家。
&&& The employees demand that their salaries be raised.& T工要求加薪。
&&& They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed.& 他ú又胤伞
&&& His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.
&&&&& 他的父Hㄋ糜⑽日。
&&& My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education.
&&&&& 我鼓钗遥猿治^m我的教育。
&&& He insisted that I (should) apologize to her.& 他猿治向她道歉。
&&& Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive.
&&&& &最近，S多州猿种W教W生如何_。
&&& His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸猿炙搬到l下。
It is proper ... that ...
YUIt is＋意志形容~（important 等）＋（that）＋主~＋（should）＋原形釉~
f明U意志&形容~&包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，recommendable，proper 等。that-&子句&中只能用&助釉~& should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。
&&& It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.
&&&&& 他有必要整理些Y料供我⒖肌
&&& It is essential that he get up early.& 他有必要早起。
&&& It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.
&&&&& 急需⑹澄锖鸵路徒o拿瘛
&&& It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas.
&&&&& 在}Q施胃F人是可喜的事。
&&& It is important that he be quiet.& 他保持安o是有必要的。
&&& It is important that he not do it.& 他不做那事是有必要的。
&&& It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全wT都被要求出席@次晚
&&& It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely.& @N牡娜耸苤亓P是的。
Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause
YU祈使句＋B接~＋主句
f明U&祈使句&表示具涞l件，主句表示可能的Y果。&祈使句&代替 if 子句M行uf，提出要求，立fh，提供建h或威{等。&祈使句&的用法比 if 子句表示的更榫o迫。
&&& Provide the materials and we’ll do the job.& 提供材料，我就做@活。
&&& Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了，否t你燕映承训摹
&&& Put that down or else I’ll smack you.& 把它放下，不然我就揍你。
Be there on time, otherwise you’ll create a bad impression.
要r恚t你o人一牡挠∠蟆
&&& Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity.& 你（如果）不付款，他就要嚯。
&&& Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner.& 你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃。
Unless ...
YUUnless＋子句，主要子句
f明U此句型意椤俺恰薄unless 引б否定假O句，相於 if ... not ...，有r可以互Q使用。w上看，unless 的Z於 if ... not ...，而且有r^槌Ｓ茫缭谧钺嵬褐小
&&& Unless you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you.
&&&&& 除非你改你的想法，否t我不能助你。
&&& Unless the management improves their offer, there’ll be a strike.
&&&&& 除非Y方做出M一步的建h，否t⑴e行T工。
&&& I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time － unless I had caught an earlier train.
&&&&& 我不可能及rs到觯俏亿s上了^找的一班火。
Provided/Providing (that) ....
YUProvided／provided（that）＋子句，S＋V ...
f明U此句型意椤叭绻薄Provided/Providing (that) 引Ъ僭Ol件句，其功能相於 if。
&&& Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off.
&&& 如果你到今晚把手^上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。
As/So long as ...
YUAs/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ...
f明U此句型意椤叭绻灰薄As/So long as引бl件假O句，其功能相於 if。
&&& So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave.
&&& 如果你到今晚把手^上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。
&&& As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你_小心，你就馨踩
&&& You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat too much.
&&&&& 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何|西。
&&& As long as live, I will help you.& 只要我活著，我都助你。
&&& As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do).
&&&&& 只要你不出u我，要我做什N我都意。
&&& We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船，我就M早b。
&&& You will never be good students so long as you goof around.
&&&&& 如果你成天游手好f，就永h也成不了好W生。
Suppose/Supposing (that) ...
YUSuppose/Supposing （that）＋子句，S＋V ...
f明U此句型意椤叭绻偈埂薄Suppose/Supposing (that) 引Ъ僭Ol件句，其功能相於 if。
&&& Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?
&&&&& 如果我`了火，我⒃觞Nk？
What if/Say ...
YUWhat if/Say＋子句，S＋V ...
f明U此句型意椤凹僭O…”。What if 和 Say 用硪б假Ol件句，其x相於 Let us suppose（我假O）。
&&& What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then?
&&&&& 假O他在我之前s到家而又M不去呢？那他怎Nk呢？
&&& What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do?
&&&&& 假O你的X用完了呢？你⒃觞Nk呢？
With luck ...
YUWith luck，＋主要子句
f明UWith luck 楹罴僭Ol件句（即不用 if 直接引Вwith luck 意椤叭绻疫的，如果夂玫脑”。
&&& With luck, we’ll be there by tomorrow.幸叩脑，我明天⒌竭_那骸＃=If we are lucky）
&&& With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸叩脑，她⒌玫侥欠莨ぷ鳌＃?If she is lucky）
Given time ...
YUGiven time，＋主要子句
f明U此楹罴僭Ol件句（即不用 if 直接引ВGiven time 意椤埃ㄈ绻┙o以rg的”。
Given time, they will probably agree.o以rg的，他可能狻＃=If they are given time/If we give them time）
To hear him talk, ...
YUTo hear him talk，＋主要子句
f明U此句型意椤奥某人（的口猓薄形式上看，To hear him talk 似椴欢ㄊ狡Z，但t楹l件句（即不用 if 直接引ВTo hear him talk 相於 If you could hear him talk。
&&& To hear him talk, you’d think he was Prime Minister.
他（那口猓樗鞘紫嗄亍
&&& To hear you talk, I’d think you were Prime Minister.
&&& &&你（那口猓疫以槟闶鞘紫嗄亍
Without ..., S + V ...
YUWithout …，＋主要子句
f明U此句型意椤叭绻]有…”，是е轮饕泳浣Y果l生的必要l件。Without ... 楹罴僭Ol件句，此用法在口Z表_中最槌Ｒ。without 意椤埃ㄈ绻]有…的”。Without 既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，放在句首有{作用。此外，如果主要子句用否定式，t和 without 成p重否定，表示特e{ without 之後橹饕泳幼靼l生之必l件。
&&& Without your help, I couldn’t have done it.
&&& （如果）]有你的助，我是不龀傻摹＃=If you hadn’t helped me）
&&& She can’t solve the problem without his help.如果）]有他的助，她不可能解Q@道}。
&&& We can’t live without air or water.（如果）]有空饣蛩就o法生存。
&&& Fish cannot live without water.（如果）]有水，~壕o法生存。
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